The articles listed under the menu items "Methodology" and "Lexicon Alpinum" often contain abbreviations, some of which are not self-explanatory. For this reason, a list has been created, explaining the respective meanings of the abbreviations and thus enabling a better understanding of the content for the reader. Analogous to the languages in which VerbaAlpina’s website can be accessed, this list of abbreviations has been created in German, Italian, French and Slovenian. Abbreviations occurring in citations have not been taken into account.

At the same time, all language abbreviations have been aligned with the ISO-norms 639-3 (individual languages) and 639-5 (language families) which were consequently incorporated into the list of abbreviations.

Bibliographic Abbreviations


Multi-volume reference works contain one signature (e.g., AIS). Other titles that are fully included in the bibliography are cited using the author’s name and the year of publication (e.g., Baer 2000). Two names are separated by a forward slash (e.g., Jaberg/Jud 1929) and starting from three, "et al." is used.