The term's etymology is unclear. The proposed derivations from the isolated viewpoints of individual language families, do not do justice to the large area of distribution in German, Romance languages and Slovenian.
From an Italianist point of view,
DELI suggests
roa. baita, bait < Old High German
wahta – but without considering the
slv. bajta 'bad house' or the
gsw. (Alemannic)
Beiz,
bar. Boazn, Beisl 'pub' (unfortunately, this widespread type is missing in the
SDS, the
Idiotikon and the
BSA). The mentioned Germanic forms with
ts, s can thus not be explained.
From a Germanistic point of view,
Kluge (2011, 106 under
Beiz(e) and
Beisel) derives the
gsw. (Alemannic) and
bar. forms from Yiddish
bajis 'house' <
hbo. bajit 'house', which does not correspond to the
roa. t (cf.
EWD I, 203). Direct mediation from Hebrew (meaning without Yiddish mediation) is historically implausible given the large area and the connection to everyday life in Alpine farming. The semantics of the Romance forms ('hut, Alpine hut, stable', etc.) as well as the Slovenian records ('bad house') do not provide any justification for the assumption of a large-scale distribution of an originally adstratal borrowing from the Friulian-Slovenian contact area. A substratal borrowing from the pre-Slavic and pre-Germanic Old Romance of the Eastern Alps seems much more plausible. Ultimately, it appears to be a pre-Roman Alpine word.
Cortelazzo, Manlio/ Zolli, Paolo (1979): Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, Bologna, Zanichelli
Baumgartner, Heinrich/ Handschuh, Doris/ Hotzenköcherle, Rudolf (1962-2003): Sprachatlas der Deutschen Schweiz, Bern, vol. 1-9, Francke
(1881
ff.): Schweizerisches Idiotikon. Schweizerdeutsches Wörterbuch, Basel
LinkKönig, Werner (2009): Bayerischer Sprachatlas, München, Winter
Seebold, Elmar (2012): Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, Berlin, DeGruyter
Kramer, Johannes (1988-1998): Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Dolomitenladinischen, Hamburg, vol. 1-8, Helmut Buske
Romanisch (ISO 639-5)
Slovenisch (ISO 639-3)
Alemannisch/Schweizerdeutsch (ISO 639-3)
Bairisch (ISO 639-3)
Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz
Hebräisch (ISO 639-3)
Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Dolomitenladinischen
folgende