In contrast to
Kluge, there are some arguments that support placing the Alemannic type
Anke (cf.
Idiotikon I, 341 under
Anke) with the
lat.-
roa. base type
ŭnguĕre 'to anoint, to coat'. In
Kluge it is stated:
"
Anke(n), (replaced by
Butter)
Sm ‛Butter'
per. wobd. (8th century),
mhd. anke,
ahd. anko. Although the word is only preserved in German,
g. *ankwōn m. ‛fat, butter' must be assumed as the continued form of
ig. (
weur.)
*ongwen- ‛ointment, fat, butter' (with various degrees of ablaut), cf.
l. unguen n. ‛fat, ointment',
air. imb ‛butter' (
*ṇgwen-) of the verbal root
ig. *ongw- ‛ointments' in
ai. anákti,
l. unguere and so forth. So, it originally meant ‛ointment, grease'." (
Kluge, 47)
On the one hand, this reveals a plausible connection. On the other hand, however, an improbable etymological conclusion emerges: Kluge interprets the word as an isolated Indo-Germanic relict, although it would be much more logical to attribute this southwestern German (Alemannic) type to Latin-Romanic. The mentioned Latin base with the velar has admittedly been displaced by the variant *
ŭngĕre (cf.
REWOnline 9069, under
ŭngĕre) in the directly neighbouring Romance contact area, as can be seen from the palatalisation of the
g in
roh. (Surselvic)
unscher,
eng. uondscher,
ita. ungere and others (cf.
HWdR, 971). In what is now the French region, however, cognates of
lat. ŭnguĕre are predominant (cf.
FEW 14, 36
f. under
unguere). Among them are also forms with clear semantic reference to milk processing, such as
ogner 'donner son lait | giving milk' (with change of conjugation class) and
ogna 'quantité de lait que donne une vache en une fois | quantity of milk given by a cow at once'. Incidentally, the participle
unctum gave rise to the Friulian term for
BUTTER ont,
lld. onto, vonto (cf.
ron. unt). The hereby suggested borrowing from Latin-Romance is phonetically possible and semantically self-evident considering the numerous other romanisms in this onomasiological field. In view of the much wider distribution of the type
butyru(m), it is also obvious to see an older type in the designations derived from the verb variants
ŭnguĕre, *ŭngĕre, which was later superimposed by
butyru(m).
Seebold, Elmar (2012): Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, Berlin, DeGruyter
(1881
ff.): Schweizerisches Idiotikon. Schweizerdeutsches Wörterbuch, Basel
LinkZacherl, Florian (2022): Digitale Aufbereitung des Romanischen etymologischen Wörterbuches von Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke, München, vol. 16
LinkBernardi, Rut/Decurtinis, Alexi/Eichenhofer, Wolfgang/Saluz, Ursina/Vögeli, Moritz (1994): Handwörterbuch des Rätoromanischen, Zürich, vol. 1-3, Offizin
Wartburg, Walter (1922-1967): Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Eine Darstellung des galloromanischen Sprachschatzes , Basel, vol. 20, Zbinden
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