This base type is very interesting due to its broad polysemy. It is based on the Latin etymon
flōs, whose basic meanings 'flower' and 'blossom' are metonymically related and have given rise to numerous metaphorical and further metonymic meanings.
Derived from 'blossom',
flōs often denotes THE BEST, MOST BEAUTIFUL PART OF A THING, as in Latin
flos aetatis 'the blossom of years, youthful vigour, fullness of youth' (cf.
Georges, under
flōs), an expression which has been preserved in Romance languages (as in
fra. la fleur de l'âge 'the youth'; cf.
FEW, 3, 630-638, under
flōs). Similarly motivated are
fra. fleur de la farine 'la partie la plus fine de la farine',
ita. fior della farina, Engadine
flur d'farina or
gsw. (Swiss German)
Blume (cf. FEW, loc. cit.). Meanings having to do with the SURFACE, the HIGHEST POINT of things, as in
fro.,
frm. à fleur de 'à la surface, au niveau de', can be explained as originating from blossom.
Both semantic dimensions ('good' and 'on top') may mutually motivate the designation of the concept
RAHM, which already developed in Latin (
flos lactis 'cream') and is still well documented in the study area today (cf. also
ita. fior di latte 'cream'). Consequently, verbs such as
fra. défleurer or Neo-Occitan
sanflurá,
sonflurá 'to skim' can be easily interpreted (cf. FEW, loc. cit.).
Georges, Heinrich (1913-1918): Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch. Aus den Quellen zusammengetragen und mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf Synonymik und Antiquitäten unter Berücksichtigung der besten Hilfsmittel ausgearbeitet, Hannover, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
LinkWartburg, Walter (1922-1967): Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Eine Darstellung des galloromanischen Sprachschatzes , Basel, vol. 20, Zbinden
Link