The base type
formaticu(m) ist derived from
lat. forma 'shape, vessel'. It stems from Gallic and was initially only used as an adjective related to
cāseus 'cheese'. Taken together, they resulted in a term for moulded hard cheese. During its further development, the noun
cāseus was dropped while the adjective
formaticum underwent nominalisation. The first records of this can be found in a Northern French glossary from the 8th century. Furthermore, the Middle Breton
fourondec indicates its old age since it suggests a borrowing before the shift from -aticu to -age. Besides the suffix change, a metathesis can also be observed in the Old French, Middle French and New French forms. Old French knows the form
formage 'substance alimentaire qu'on obtient en faisant subir diverses préparations au lait caillé; masse de cette substance moulée en pain'. Then, in Middle French, two forms coexist: On the one hand, there are records of
fourmage. On the other hand, the version
froumage exists. The metathesis is completely realised in the New French form
fromage. Originating from the Gallo-Roman language area, it became a loanword in numerous other Romanic languages. Thus,
ita. em>formaggio,
pms. furmágg,
lmo. formai or
vec. formagio (cf.
FEW 3, 717-719 under
formaticum) can be found all across the northern Italian area. In Dolomitic Ladin, the type
formaticum has almost completely replaced the type
cāseus. The type
cāseus is only still used in Val Badia and Val Gardena in the forms
ćiajó and
ćiaujel (both of which stem from the suffixed
caseolus) as the
AIS map 1217 and the
EWD (II, 126) show. The shift of the base type
formaticu(m) can be nicely explained by linking word and object, as in this case, the word was evidently motivated by a new method of production in which the cheese is left to ripen in a mould.
Kramer, Johannes (1988-1998): Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Dolomitenladinischen, Hamburg, vol. 1-8, Helmut Buske